Dementia Crisis Support Guide: What to Do in Difficult Moments

By Louise Donaghy · Published 2026-05-30

A dementia crisis can arrive without warning — a sudden fall, severe confusion, aggression, or a loved one going missing. In these moments, knowing what to do brings safety and calm.

This guide is for general support and planning. It does not replace emergency services. If someone is in immediate danger, always call 999.

What Counts as a Dementia Crisis?

A crisis is any situation where the safety or wellbeing of the person — or those around them — is suddenly at risk. Common examples include:

• A sudden, severe increase in confusion or distress
• Aggression that risks harm to themselves or others
• A fall, injury, or sudden physical illness
• Wandering or going missing
• Refusing essential food, fluids, or medication
• A carer reaching breaking point and unable to cope safely

Stay Calm and Assess Safety First

Your first job is to keep everyone safe. A calm presence can de-escalate many situations on its own.

1. Take a breath and lower your own voice and pace.
2. Remove any immediate dangers if it is safe to do so.
3. Give the person space — do not crowd or restrain them.
4. Speak slowly, reassure, and avoid arguing or correcting.
5. Look for a trigger: pain, fear, infection, noise, or an unmet need.

Look for a Sudden Medical Cause

A rapid change in behaviour is often caused by something physical rather than the dementia itself. Infections — especially urinary tract infections — pain, dehydration, constipation, or medication changes can all trigger a sudden decline.

Know Who to Call

• 999 — for immediate danger, serious injury, or a medical emergency.
• 111 — for urgent but non-life-threatening advice, day or night.
• The GP — for sudden changes, suspected infection, or medication concerns.
• The local council adult social care team — for urgent care and safeguarding concerns.
• If a loved one is missing, call 999 and ask about the Herbert Protocol.

Plan Ahead to Reduce Future Crises

The calmest time to prepare is before a crisis happens. A simple plan helps everyone respond quickly under pressure.

• Keep a list of medical conditions, medications, and key contacts in one place.
• Note known triggers and what helps the person feel calm.
• Complete a Herbert Protocol form in case of wandering.
• Agree a back-up carer who can step in at short notice.
• Keep emergency numbers visible by the phone.

A single sheet on the fridge — conditions, medications, GP number, and “what calms me” — can save vital minutes when paramedics or family arrive.

Continue with the main Dementia Crisis Support.